Art & Culture
Three Sources of Political Polarisation
It is puzzling how smart people can diverge so much on political issues. Especially when their lines of reasoning are completely delineated, covering much of the arguments in dispute.
Three sources of political polarisation
It is puzzling how smart people can diverge so much on political issues. Especially when their lines of reasoning are completely delineated, covering much of the arguments in dispute.
How come?
Three thinking dynamics are listed below. Which together, I believe, can explain much of it.
1) Starting point bias.
Assume that both arguments have merit.
The right will argue: “Economic incentives are crucial, lower taxes encourage investments, and industriousness!” This argument has merit, and its core assumptions are inarguable. What we can argue about is how far this can go. (No state can offer zero tax, for example.)
The left will argue: “Welfare is crucial. We need taxes to fund it!”. Again, this argument has merit, and its core assumption is inarguable. The only the extent that it is controversial is how far a state takes it. (No state can offer to build beach side mansions for the poor, for example.)
But where exactly do you start from?
Leftists will start from welfare importance. Rightists will start from the importance of encouraging commerce and not strangling the economy. You can see how, even with similar beliefs, just changing the starting point of one’s thinking can have a huge effect — especially when some issues are blurred and subjective.
2) The cumulative effect of biases.
One of the biggest secrets in stupidity is that a slight bias if multiplied 10-50 times, this bias can become enormous.
If you slightly over estimate parts of a discussion but do it over multiple parts and issues, the cumulative effect can be gigantic.
Lets see how the fate of the poor can easily be exaggerated either way.
For analysing the suffering of the poor, and the effectiveness of welfare, you go in stages:
Where is the poverty line? How much are the poor themselves responsible for their fate? How effective is government aid? How does welfare improve quality of life? (By helping people stay in workforce? By helping the kids of the poor staying in society?) Or how does welfare degrade quality of life? Does it encourage dependence? How effective is welfare? How much is being wasted by bureaucracy before it gets the poor themselves? How much welfare is our moral obligation?
Holly Lawford-Smith
There are many more questions.
Eventually, a rational answer to the value of welfare is the combination (a kind of numerical product) of all the questions above, as well as similar ones.
If one can err on each question in say 20% the multiplied effect over 10 questions will be huge (1.2^10 = 6.16).
